According to federal regulations, research is eligible for exemption if it meets certain criteria, primarily involving minimal risk to subjects and fitting into specific categories of research activity described in the regulations. Additionally, all subjects must be adults capable of giving informed consent. The research must fall into one of the predefined categories of exempt research activities, which include types like normal educational practices, certain survey or interview procedures, and federally supported public benefit programs, among others. Even if a study meets these criteria, an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or designated office must formally determine and confirm the exemption status before the research can begin. Exempt research usually involves no more than minimal risk to participants and meets the regulatory definitions outlined in 45 CFR 46.104.