According to the video case, a paradigm shift is a significant change in the basic concepts and practices of a particular field or system of thought

. It is characterized by the replacement of traditional frameworks or scientific theories with new ones that better explain the data or observations at hand

. These shifts are revolutionary transformations that challenge existing norms and introduce new ways of understanding the world

. Paradigm shifts can occur in science, culture, technology, and even personal perspectives

. A paradigm shift is characterized in the following ways:

• A major change in how people think and get things done that upends and replaces a prior paradigm

• A fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline

• A collapse of one paradigm and the emergence of a new one, a transition that is chaotic and unpredictable

• A dramatic change in methodology or practice

• A change in fundamental assumptions or frameworks within a field