According to Capgemini, the aspect of smart products in an Industry 4.0 environment that focuses on using sensor technology to provide access to condition information about products and their environment is known as condition monitoring. This involves equipping Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) with sensors that continuously collect data on the product’s current status and environmental conditions. The data enables real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and operational efficiency improvements by detecting anomalies and potential failures early, thus reducing downtime and maintenance costs

. Condition monitoring uses various sensors to measure parameters such as vibration, temperature, pressure, and humidity. These sensors provide critical insights into the health and performance of machinery and products. The collected data is analyzed with advanced analytics and IoT platforms to allow proactive decision-making, ensuring products and equipment operate reliably and efficiently within smart factories

. In summary, Capgemini describes this sensor-based approach as a core Industry 4.0 capability that enables smart products to be self-aware and connected, providing valuable condition information that supports predictive maintenance, operational optimization, and enhanced product quality