Atherosclerosis causes the buildup of fatty materials (plaque) in the arteries, and when this plaque blocks the coronary arteries, it leads to a disease called coronary artery disease (CAD). This blockage restricts blood flow to the heart muscle, which can cause chest pain (angina), and if the artery becomes completely blocked, it can result in a heart attack. The plaque may rupture, causing clot formation that further obstructs blood flow, leading to irreversible heart muscle damage. Coronary artery disease is a major cause of heart attacks, heart failure, and other serious heart conditions associated with atherosclerosis.

In summary, the disease caused by atherosclerosis blocking the coronary artery is coronary artery disease. This disease can manifest as angina due to reduced blood flow and can cause heart attacks if the artery becomes entirely blocked.