Caroline Chisholm (1808–1877) was a British-born Australian philanthropist renowned for her pioneering social work to aid immigrants, especially vulnerable women, in Australia. She arrived in New South Wales in 1838 and was shocked by the poor conditions faced by single immigrant women. To address this, she established the Female Immigrant's Home in Sydney in 1841, which provided shelter and helped women find employment. She also organized job placement in rural areas and advocated for better working and living conditions for immigrants. Chisholm further established the Family Colonisation Loan Society to support emigration by lending travel costs and campaigned for the immigration of families to Australia. She spent several years in England raising funds and lobbying for assisted emigration, influencing notable figures like Charles Dickens. Returning to Australia, she worked to improve conditions in the goldfields and continued her advocacy despite health challenges. Chisholm's legacy is celebrated in Australia, including being featured on stamps and the original $5 banknote, and she was posthumously awarded the Order of Australia. She is regarded as a civil rights pioneer and social reformer whose efforts significantly improved immigrant welfare and family reunification in Australia.