Hyperpigmentation is a condition that causes skin to darken due to excess melanin production. It can be caused by sun exposure, certain medications, pregnancy, and health conditions including Addison’s disease. There are three main types of hyperpigmentation: sunspots, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. There are several treatment options available for hyperpigmentation, including over-the-counter (OTC) skin acids and retinoids, topical prescription medication, and professional procedures performed by a dermatologist. Some common ingredients used in hyperpigmentation products include:

• Niacinamide: This is the main ingredient in the most popular cosmeceutical used for hyperpigmentation in the Indian market.

• Arbutin: This is a skin lightening agent that is less effective than kojic acid for hyperpigmentation.

• Kojic acid: This is a skin lightening agent that is more effective than arbutin for hyperpigmentation.

• Vitamin C: This is a tyrosinase-inhibiting ingredient that can limit the production of melanin.

• Mandelic acid: This is an alpha-hydroxy acid that can help to lighten hyperpigmentation.

When choosing skincare products for hyperpigmentation, it is important to look for ingredients that can help to interrupt the pathways where pigment is produced in the melanocyte cells. It is also important to use sunscreen daily to prevent further damage from sun exposure. When treating hyperpigmentation, it is recommended to start with the simplest solutions first and gradually ascend to more advanced options if needed.