A pharaoh in ancient Egypt held immense power and responsibility as the ultimate ruler and divine intermediary between the gods and humans. The pharaoh owned all land, enacted laws, collected taxes, and served as the supreme military commander responsible for protecting Egypt and maintaining its borders. He was also the highest religious authority, performing rituals, making offerings, and ensuring the gods' favor to secure agricultural prosperity and social harmony. Politically, the pharaoh was the sole legislator whose decrees were seen as divinely inspired, and he was responsible for justice, managing the economy, and administering the state. The pharaoh embodied the principle of "Maat," promoting order and repelling chaos within Egypt. Additionally, he commissioned monumental architecture such as temples and pyramids to display his power and piety. Through all these roles, the pharaoh was both a god on earth and a nurturing leader safeguarding the welfare of his people.