Dogs can see colors, but not as many as humans do. They have dichromatic vision, meaning their eyes have two types of color receptors (cones) compared to humans who have three. This causes dogs to see primarily shades of blue and yellow, while reds and greens appear more like shades of brown, gray, or muted colors to them. Essentially, dogs see the world similarly to how a person with red-green color blindness would see it, with a more limited color spectrum focused on blues and yellows. Their vision is generally less vibrant and muted compared to human color vision but still allows them to distinguish some colors noticeably.