Here is an explanation along with a simple diagram of how nerve cells (neurons) help in the transmission of impulses: Nerve cells convey information electrically within the cell and chemically between cells. A neuron has dendrites that receive stimuli, a cell body that processes them, and an axon that carries the nerve impulse away towards other neurons or effector cells. The axon is often covered with a myelin sheath which speeds up the impulse by allowing it to jump between nodes (nodes of Ranvier). Transmission steps:
- Dendrites receive a stimulus (e.g., from another neuron or sensory input).
- This stimulus generates an electrical impulse by changing the membrane potential through ion movements.
- The impulse travels as an action potential along the axon membrane.
- When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse (gap).
- Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap to the dendrites of the next neuron or to muscles/glands, thus continuing the signal.
Diagram:
Dendrites
/|\
/ | \
/ | \
[Cell Body] -----> Axon -----> Axon Terminals
This mechanism allows rapid communication necessary for coordination within the body, such as reflex actions or sensing changes in the environment.
Would a more detailed diagram or further explanation on any step be helpful?