Dyspraxia is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that mainly affects movement, coordination, and motor skills, and is often formally diagnosed as developmental coordination disorder (DCD). It does not mean a person is less intelligent, but it can make everyday physical tasks slower, harder, or appear “clumsy.”

What dyspraxia means

Dyspraxia involves difficulties planning and carrying out physical movements, from large actions like running or catching a ball to smaller ones like using cutlery, doing up buttons, or writing. It is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder because it starts in childhood and usually continues into adulthood.

Common signs

People with dyspraxia may bump into things, drop items, or struggle with balance and sports, and they may take longer to learn tasks like tying shoelaces or riding a bike. Fine motor tasks such as neat handwriting, drawing, or using tools can also be challenging, and tasks with several steps can feel confusing or tiring.

What it is not

Dyspraxia is not an intellectual disability or a specific learning disorder by itself, although it can affect performance at school or work because of motor and organisational difficulties. Many people with dyspraxia have average or above-average intelligence, but may need different strategies or extra time to show what they know.

Diagnosis

Clinicians typically diagnose dyspraxia under the name developmental coordination disorder, using a combination of history, observation, and standardized movement tests. They also check that the coordination problems are not better explained by another condition, such as cerebral palsy or vision problems.

Help and support

There is no cure, but therapies and supports can make a big difference. Occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and school or workplace accommodations (like extra time, use of a computer, or adjusted tasks) can help people build skills and reduce the impact on daily life.