How Carbon Moves Between Atmosphere and Forests

Carbon cycles between the atmosphere and forests through a process known as the carbon cycle. Here’s a clear overview:

1. Carbon Uptake (Sequestration) by Forests

• Trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
• Using sunlight energy, they convert CO₂ and water into oxygen and glucose (a form of stored energy), building plant matter (leaves, wood, roots).
• This stored carbon in living trees is called carbon sequestration , effectively removing CO₂ from the air.

2. Carbon Release to Atmosphere

• Trees and plants release CO₂ back into the atmosphere through respiration (using oxygen to convert stored sugars for energy).
• When trees die or shed leaves, the carbon in the dead organic matter eventually decomposes, with microorganisms releasing CO₂ as they break it down.
• Forest fires or disturbances cause immediate release of large amounts of CO₂ by burning biomass.

3. Carbon Storage Pools in Forests

• Carbon is stored not only in living trees but also in:
  • Deadwood
  • Leaf litter
  • Soil organic matter

4. Forests as Carbon Sinks

• Healthy forests absorb more carbon than they release, acting as a carbon sink (a carbon sponge).
• This dynamic exchange of carbon keeps a balance, helping to regulate atmospheric greenhouse gases and influence climate.

Summary

Think of forests as a bank account for carbon: photosynthesis deposits carbon (credits), while respiration, decay, and fires withdraw carbon (debits). The ongoing balance of these processes makes forests vital in controlling climate change.

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