The fictional British secret service agent James Bond, also known as 007, was created by British writer Ian Fleming in the early 1950s. Fleming introduced James Bond in his 1953 novel "Casino Royale." Fleming was inspired by his experience in British naval intelligence during World War II, and the character was a composite of various secret agents and commandos he encountered. The name "James Bond" was taken from an American ornithologist of the same name, chosen by Fleming for its simplicity and masculinity. Ian Fleming wrote a total of 12 James Bond novels and two short story collections, which became extremely popular and launched the long-running James Bond film franchise. Fleming also infused aspects of his own personality and experiences into Bond's character, including tastes, hobbies, and traits.