Hamas came to power through a combination of its origins as an Islamist resistance movement during the First Intifada in 1987, its political rise as a counterforce to the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO), and its success in democratic elections. Founded by Ahmed Yassin, Hamas initially gained support through social and religious networks linked to the Muslim Brotherhood. It was discreetly supported by Israel in its early years to counterbalance the secular PLO. In 2006, Hamas won a majority in Palestinian legislative elections, campaigning on promises of fighting corruption and resisting Israeli occupation. Following violent clashes with the rival Fatah faction in 2007, Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip, where it has governed ever since, despite blockades and conflicts with Israel and Egypt.

Key Factors in Hamas' Rise to Power

• Founded during the First Intifada in 1987 by Ahmed Yassin, with roots in the Muslim Brotherhood.
• Supported initially by Israel as a way to counterbalance the PLO.
• Gained political legitimacy by winning the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections.
• Seized control of Gaza in 2007 after violent clashes with Fatah.
• Has since maintained governance in Gaza despite external blockades and military conflicts.

This trajectory transformed Hamas from an armed resistance movement to a significant political and governing entity in Palestinian territories.