Becoming a U.S. citizen is generally considered a long, complex, and sometimes costly process with several challenges that applicants need to navigate. Eligibility requirements include being at least 18 years old, living in the U.S. as a lawful permanent resident for at least five years (or three years if married to a U.S. citizen), having good moral character, basic English proficiency, and physical presence in the U.S. Applicants also face fees — currently $760 — which may be a barrier for some, though fee waivers are available in certain cases. Legal and language barriers, waiting periods, and ensuring accurate application information further complicate the process. Recent policy changes have made naturalization more challenging, requiring applicants to demonstrate positive community involvement, family responsibility, education, and employment history, as USCIS officers now apply a more holistic evaluation. Moreover, from October 2025, a more difficult citizenship test with more complex questions will be introduced, increasing the passing requirement and the breadth of knowledge applicants must show. Overall, while many complete the process successfully each year, the pathway to citizenship demands effort, patience, and often legal or financial assistance for some individuals to overcome systemic and procedural hurdles.