Computer worms spread primarily by exploiting vulnerabilities in software, networks, or devices, allowing them to replicate and move from one system to another without requiring user interaction

. Here are the main ways computer worms spread:

• Network propagation: Once active on a device, worms spread automatically over local area networks (LANs) or the internet by exploiting network vulnerabilities

. They can move from one infected system to others on the same network without user involvement.

• Email attachments and phishing: Worms often arrive as malicious attachments or links in phishing emails. When a user opens the attachment or clicks the link, the worm installs itself and then sends copies to contacts, continuing the spread

• Infected removable media: Worms can spread via USB drives or other external storage devices. When these devices are connected to a computer, the worm can infect it and then propagate further

• Instant messaging and text messages: Worms can be distributed through messages containing malicious links or attachments on instant messaging platforms or SMS

• Compromised software and websites: Downloading infected software or visiting malicious websites can introduce worms that exploit software vulnerabilities to install themselves

• Unsecured networks and shared folders: Worms exploit weak passwords, open shared folders, or unsecured Wi-Fi networks to spread rapidly across multiple devices

Once inside a system, worms replicate themselves continuously, consuming system resources, potentially deleting or modifying files, injecting other malware, stealing data, or creating backdoors for hackers

. Because worms spread autonomously and rapidly, they pose a significant threat to both individual users and organizations. In summary, computer worms spread by self-replication through networks, email, removable media, messaging platforms, infected software, and unsecured network resources, often exploiting software vulnerabilities or user actions like opening malicious attachments