Arthritis is tested using a combination of methods including physical exams, laboratory tests (blood and joint fluid analysis), and imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, CT scans, or ultrasound.

Physical Examination

Doctors check joints for swelling, redness, warmth, and assess joint movement and function during a physical exam.

Laboratory Tests

• Blood tests help detect inflammation markers like erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
• Specific antibodies related to autoimmune arthritis, such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), are tested to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis.
• Antinuclear antibody (ANA) tests screen for autoimmune diseases like lupus.
• Joint fluid analysis (arthrocentesis) involves withdrawing fluid from the joint to check for infection or crystals, aiding diagnosis of gout and other types.

Imaging Tests

• X-rays show bone damage, cartilage loss, and bone spurs, useful for monitoring arthritis progression.
• MRIs and ultrasounds provide detailed images of soft tissues, cartilage, and inflammation.
• CT scans offer cross-sectional views of bone and soft tissues.

This multi-faceted testing approach allows accurate diagnosis and helps differentiate types of arthritis for appropriate treatment.