Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, with bacterial and viral infections being the most common causes
How You Get Meningitis
- Spread by Respiratory Droplets: The bacteria and viruses that cause meningitis often live in the nose or throat and are spread from person to person through respiratory droplets when someone coughs, sneezes, or kisses
- Close Contact: Sharing eating utensils, toothbrushes, cigarettes, or close living quarters (like dorms or military barracks) increases the risk of transmission
- Carriage Without Illness: Many people carry the bacteria or viruses harmlessly in their throat or intestines without being sick, but they can still spread the infection to others
- From Other Infections: Bacterial meningitis can also develop when bacteria spread from infections in nearby areas such as the ears, sinuses, or through bloodstream infections
- Mother to Child: Some bacteria, like Group B streptococcus, can be passed from mother to baby during birth
Common Ways Meningitis Germs Spread
- Sneezing
- Coughing
- Kissing
- Sharing utensils or personal items
- Touching unwashed hands contaminated with viruses (especially enteroviruses)
Practicing good hygiene, like regular handwashing, helps reduce the risk
Who Is Most at Risk?
- Babies and young children
- Teenagers and young adults
- People with weakened immune systems
- Those living in crowded or close-contact environments
Vaccinations can protect against many bacteria that cause meningitis and are an important preventive measure
. In summary, meningitis is usually caught through close contact with someone carrying the bacteria or viruses in their respiratory secretions or saliva, often via coughing, sneezing, or kissing
