Exercise improves mental health through multiple interconnected mechanisms. Regular physical activity boosts mood and emotional well-being by releasing brain chemicals like endorphins, serotonin, dopamine, and cannabinoids, which enhance feelings of calm, pleasure, and euphoria. Exercise also reduces stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, helping to lower stress levels and promote relaxation. It supports better sleep quality, which is critical for managing mood and mental health. Moreover, exercise positively impacts brain function by increasing blood flow, reducing inflammation, and promoting brain plasticity and the growth of new neurons, particularly in areas related to mood regulation and memory like the hippocampus. These brain changes can alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Exercise also improves self- esteem, provides a sense of control, distraction from negative thoughts, social interaction opportunities, and an outlet for frustrations. Together, these benefits help prevent and reduce symptoms of mental illnesses, enhance cognitive function, and promote overall psychological resilience and recovery.