OSHA enforces its standards primarily through workplace inspections conducted by trained compliance officers. These inspections are prioritized based on the severity and immediacy of hazards, including:

• Imminent danger situations where there is a reasonable certainty of death or serious injury if not addressed immediately.
• Fatalities or catastrophes involving multiple employees.
• Worker complaints alleging violations of safety or health standards.
• Programmed inspections targeting high-hazard industries.
• Follow-up inspections to verify correction of previously cited violations

During inspections, OSHA officers examine workplace conditions, interview employees, and review employer compliance with safety standards. If violations are found, OSHA can issue citations and fines, requiring corrective actions by a specified deadline. In severe cases, OSHA can order a worksite shutdown until hazards are remedied. Employers have the right to contest citations or request additional time to comply

. OSHA also uses industry consensus standards incorporated by reference or as evidence under the General Duty Clause to prove violations when specific OSHA standards do not exist. This helps OSHA establish recognized hazards and feasible abatement methods in enforcement actions

. In states with OSHA-approved State Plans, state inspectors conduct these inspections, usually during regular business hours, often accompanied by employer and employee representatives

. In summary, OSHA enforces its standards through a structured system of prioritized inspections, citations, penalties, and legal actions to ensure employers provide safe and healthful workplaces