Soap affects hydrogen bonds between water molecules primarily by disrupting and weakening them. Water molecules naturally form hydrogen bonds due to the attraction between the slightly positive hydrogen atoms and the slightly negative oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. These hydrogen bonds create a network that gives water its unique properties, including high surface tension. When soap is added to water, its molecules, which have a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and a hydrophobic (water-repelling) tail, insert themselves between water molecules. The hydrophilic head interacts with water, while the hydrophobic tail avoids it, associating instead with oils or grease. This insertion of soap molecules between water molecules disrupts the existing hydrogen bonds, weakening the attractive forces between water molecules and reducing surface tension. Additionally, soap molecules organize into structures called micelles, where the hydrophobic tails cluster inward away from water, and the hydrophilic heads face outward toward the water. This reorganization further alters the hydrogen bonding network by creating new interactions between soap molecules and water, effectively weakening and reorganizing the hydrogen bonds among water molecules. This disruption of hydrogen bonds is crucial for soap’s cleaning ability, as it allows water to better penetrate and emulsify oils and dirt, which normally do not mix well with water alone