A skunk can spray its noxious liquid with remarkable accuracy at targets more than 10 feet away, with some of the spray reaching distances of almost 20 feet. Typically, skunks can spray up to 10-15 feet accurately, and the mist from their spray can travel even farther

. The spray is aimed mainly at the eyes of the threat and causes temporary irritation and blurred vision but not permanent damage

. The scent from a skunk's spray is extremely potent and can be detected up to 20 miles from where it was discharged due to the strong sulfur-based compounds it contains

. Skunks usually give warning signs before spraying, such as lifting their tail, stamping their feet, and hissing

. In summary:

• Effective spray distance: 10-15 feet with good aim
• Maximum reach of spray mist: up to about 20 feet
• Odor detectable up to 20 miles away
• Causes temporary eye irritation and discomfort but no permanent harm

This makes the skunk's spray a highly effective defense mechanism to deter predators or threats from a safe distance.