Pepper plants should generally be spaced about 18 to 24 inches apart to allow for healthy growth, good air circulation, and ease of access for harvesting. This spacing helps prevent problems such as disease, pests, and competition for nutrients and light

. Here are some detailed guidelines:

• Standard spacing: Most sources recommend spacing pepper plants 18 inches apart within rows, with rows spaced 30 to 36 inches apart

. This is a common and effective spacing for many pepper varieties.

• Row arrangement: Planting in three rows across a garden bed about 3.5 to 4 feet wide, with plants 18 inches apart in each row, is a good method. Staggering plants in a triangular or zigzag pattern further optimizes space and growth

• Variety considerations: Larger pepper varieties, like bell peppers, may benefit from spacing closer to 24 inches to accommodate their size and root systems, while smaller or compact varieties can sometimes be spaced slightly closer, though 12 inches is generally too close and can cause issues with airflow and disease

• Raised beds and containers: Similar spacing applies in raised beds, but using a grid or diamond pattern can save space. In containers, one plant per 2-gallon pot is typical, with larger pots allowing two plants depending on variety

Spacing peppers too close (e.g., 12 inches) often leads to poor air circulation, increased disease and pest problems, and reduced fruit yield

. In summary, a spacing of about 18 inches between pepper plants and 30 to 36 inches between rows is ideal for most varieties to ensure healthy, productive plants. Adjustments can be made based on variety size and growing conditions.