A scientific law and a scientific theory differ primarily in their purpose and scope:

• Scientific Law : A law describes what happens in nature under certain conditions. It is a concise statement or mathematical equation that predicts the outcome of specific phenomena but does not explain why or how these phenomena occur. Laws describe consistent patterns observed in data and apply to a narrower set of conditions. For example, gas laws describe relationships between variables like temperature and volume but do not explain the underlying reasons for these relationships

• Scientific Theory : A theory explains how and why natural phenomena occur. It is a well-tested, widely accepted explanation based on a large body of evidence and multiple hypotheses. Theories are broader in scope than laws and provide the underlying mechanisms or reasons for observed patterns. They are testable, reproducible, and can lead to new questions and research. Examples include the theory of evolution, the Big Bang theory, and Einstein’s theory of general relativity

Importantly, a scientific theory does not become a law with more evidence; they are fundamentally different kinds of scientific knowledge. Laws describe "what" happens, while theories explain "why" it happens. Both can be disproven or modified if new evidence emerges, but one does not transform into the other