The Mongol Empire lasted approximately from 1206 to 1368, spanning about 162 years. It was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206 when he was proclaimed ruler of all Mongols, and it reached its greatest extent by the mid-13th century, covering large parts of Eurasia. The empire began to fragment after 1260 due to internal conflicts and succession disputes among Genghis Khan's descendants. The Mongol rule in China under the Yuan dynasty ended in 1368, marking the effective end of the unified Mongol Empire

. In summary:

• Founded: 1206 by Genghis Khan
• Peak: Mid-13th century, covering vast parts of Eurasia
• Fragmentation began: Around 1260
• End of unified empire: 1368 with the fall of the Yuan dynasty in China

Thus, the Mongol Empire lasted roughly from 1206 to 1368.