Sperm usually takes about 15 to 45 minutes to reach the egg after ejaculation. However, this time can vary with factors like sperm motility and the timing of ovulation. Sperm can survive and wait inside the female reproductive tract for up to 5 days if the egg is not yet released. After sperm reach the fallopian tube, they undergo a process called capacitation for several hours before they can fertilize the egg. Fertilization can only occur when the egg is released, and the egg itself lives for about 12 to 24 hours after ovulation.