A dog is generally considered a puppy from birth until about 1 to 2 years of age. The exact timing depends largely on the dog's breed and size:

• Small and toy breeds typically mature faster and are considered adults by 8 to 12 months.
• Medium breeds usually reach adulthood around 12 months.
• Large and giant breeds can take longer, often maturing fully between 12 and 24 months

Puppyhood is a developmental phase that includes rapid growth, socialization, and learning basic behaviors. Even after physical maturity, some dogs- especially larger breeds-may continue to exhibit puppy-like behavior, such as high energy and playfulness, up to two years old

. In summary, while the transition from puppy to adult is gradual, most dogs stop being classified as puppies by their second birthday, with smaller breeds reaching this milestone sooner than larger ones