In the Philippines, the party-list system allocates 20% of the total seats in the House of Representatives to party-list representatives. For example, in the 2022 elections, there were 316 total seats, with 63 reserved for party- list representatives

. How many party-list groups can win seats?

• Party-list groups must receive at least 2% of the total votes cast in the party-list election to be entitled to one seat

• Groups that exceed 2% can gain additional seats proportionally, but no party-list group can have more than three seats

• If the 63 party-list seats are not filled by groups with at least 2%, the remaining seats are allocated to groups with the next highest votes below 2%, until all seats are filled

Maximum seats per party-list:
A party-list group can win a maximum of three seats regardless of vote share

. Number of party-list groups that can win:
Since there are 63 party-list seats, theoretically up to 63 different party- list groups can win one seat each. However, because some groups can win up to three seats, the actual number of winning party-list groups is fewer than 63. Recent data:

• In the 2025 midterm election survey, out of 155 party-list groups, 45 are projected to win at least one seat

• Five groups have a statistical chance of winning the maximum three seats each

Summary

• Total party-list seats: 63 (20% of House seats)
• Minimum votes for one seat: 2% of party-list votes
• Maximum seats per party-list: 3
• Number of party-list groups winning seats: varies, up to 63 groups if each wins one seat, but usually fewer due to seat caps and vote distribution
• Recent projections: about 45 groups winning seats, with 5 groups possibly winning 3 seats each

This system ensures proportional representation while capping dominance by any single party-list group.