It is difficult to determine the exact number of sprays of perfume as it depends on the concentration of the fragrance and the desired intensity of the scent. In fine perfumes, the fragrance concentration varies from 30% in perfume to 1% in splash cologne. Prestige products contain blends of several hundred ingredients (synthetic chemicals and natural oils), and most contain at least one fragrance material allergen. High concentrations of certain chemicals such as HICC, isoeugenol, atranol and chloroatranol, D-limonene, linalool, lilial, and geraniol have been detected in chemical studies.

It is important to note that fragrance formulations are considered a “trade secret” and therefore protected from disclosure, even to regulators or manufacturers. The average fragrance product tested contained 14 secret chemicals not listed on the label. Fragrances are ubiquitous and may cause detrimental health or environmental effects including contact allergy. Some ingredients in perfumes have been flagged as potential or known “chemicals of concern,” including seven carcinogens and 15 chemicals prohibited from use in cosmetics in the EU. Therefore, it is recommended to check the labels of products for any of the chemicals listed as toxic and avoid any product with the ingredient “fragrance” or “perfume” on the label.