The cost to adopt a child varies widely depending on the type of adoption:

• Foster care adoption is the most affordable option, typically costing under $2,800 on average, and often little to nothing in fees since many are funded by the state. There may also be adoption assistance programs that provide subsidies and medical support for the child

• Independent adoption through an attorney or agency generally costs between $20,000 and $45,000. These costs include legal fees, counseling, home studies, and birth mother expenses

• Private agency adoption can range from about $20,000 to $60,000, depending on the agency and circumstances

• International adoption is usually the most expensive, ranging from approximately $30,000 to $70,000 or more, factoring in agency fees, travel, legal expenses, and child care fees in the foreign country

Many families offset these costs through adoption grants, loans, and state or federal assistance programs. Adoption subsidies are often available especially for foster care adoptions, and there is a federal adoption tax credit to help with expenses

. In summary:

• Foster care adoption: under $2,800 (often minimal fees)
• Independent/private domestic adoption: $20,000–$60,000
• International adoption: $30,000–$70,000+

These figures reflect typical U.S. costs and can vary by state and agency.