According to the FDA and other sources, tampons should be changed every 4 to 8 hours. It is important to follow the labeled instructions and to wash your hands before and after using a tampon to reduce the spread of bacteria. Tampons should only be used during menstruation and not at any other time or for any other reason. It is recommended to use the lowest absorbency tampon needed for your flow, and to switch to a higher absorbency if needed. Using a higher absorbency tampon than necessary can increase the risk of dryness and discomfort. Tampons should be disposed of properly in a trash bin and not flushed down the toilet. It is important to be aware of the signs of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and to consult a healthcare provider if symptoms are experienced. Manufacturers submit data to evaluate the safety of the materials used to make tampons and applicators, tampon absorbency, strength, and integrity, and whether tampons enhance the growth of certain harmful bacteria or change normal bacteria levels in the vagina. While reusable tampons may carry additional risks of infections such as yeast, fungal, and bacterial infections, menstrual cups, menstrual discs, reusable cloth pads, or biodegradable tampons are more eco-friendly options. Laws protecting trade secrets keep details about fragrances in pads and tampons confidential so competitors cant copy the formulas.