People learn by actively constructing new knowledge based on what they already know and believe. Learning involves cognitive processes whereby learners organize and interpret information, reason, solve problems, and acquire new knowledge. It is enhanced when learners' prior knowledge and beliefs are taken into account and when they engage in meaningful, inquiry-based learning experiences that help them understand concepts deeply. Key points about how people learn include:

• Learning is influenced by cognitive, developmental, social, and cultural factors.
• Understanding builds on prior knowledge, meaning that misconceptions or incomplete understandings must be addressed.
• Active learning strategies that encourage learners to question, test, and apply knowledge lead to better comprehension.
• Teachers play a critical role in structuring learning environments, providing feedback, and supporting learners in developing lifelong learning skills.

In sum, learning is a complex, active process involving the brain, mind, and experience, and it is shaped by social and cultural contexts as well as instructional design.