Cats are quite intelligent, with cognitive abilities comparable to a human toddler (around 2 years old). They have highly developed brains that share structural similarities with human brains, especially in the cerebral cortex, which governs decision-making, memory, and problem-solving. Cats excel in memory retention, with both short-term and long-term memories that can last for years, especially when linked to significant emotional experiences. They demonstrate advanced problem-solving skills, such as understanding object permanence (knowing an object exists even if out of sight), and they can learn by observation and trial and error. Cats also show social intelligence by recognizing human voices, emotions, and social cues, adapting their behavior accordingly. Their intelligence allows them to manipulate their environment, figure out mechanical problems like opening doors, and remember past experiences that influence their behavior. While their brain is smaller than humans', the density and function of neurons contribute to their smart, independent, and sometimes stubborn nature. Overall, cats have evolved to be very smart at being cats, with specialized intelligence suited to their lifestyle and survival needs.