There are multiple ways to avoid pregnancy, ranging from abstinence to various contraception methods. The core principle is to prevent sperm from meeting the egg. Key methods include:

• Abstinence: Complete refraining from vaginal, oral, or anal sex, which is the only 100% effective method.
• Barrier methods: Male condoms, female condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and contraceptive sponges physically block sperm from reaching the egg. Male and female condoms also protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
• Hormonal birth control: Pills, implants, injections, and patches prevent ovulation, with high effectiveness if used consistently.
• Natural Family Planning: Tracking fertility signs (like basal body temperature, cervical mucus, and menstrual cycle timing) to avoid sex during fertile periods. Effectiveness depends on perfect use, with rates between 91% and 99%.
• Withdrawal method: The male withdraws the penis before ejaculation but is less reliable due to possible sperm presence in pre-ejaculate.
• Emergency contraception: Pills or copper IUDs used after unprotected sex to reduce pregnancy risk, not for regular use.
• Permanent methods: Tubal ligation for women and vasectomy for men, both highly effective but typically irreversible.

Additionally, some sexual positions (like the "riding position" or standing face-to-face) are believed by some to reduce conception chances due to gravity affecting sperm movement, but there is no strong medical evidence to rely on these alone for contraception. In summary, the safest and most effective ways to avoid pregnancy combine reliable contraception methods (barrier, hormonal, or permanent) or complete abstinence. Natural methods and withdrawal can reduce risk but are less dependable. Protection against STIs also requires barrier methods such as condoms. For more detailed guidance or personalized advice, consulting a healthcare professional is recommended.