To become a perfusionist, follow these key steps:

1. Obtain a Bachelor's Degree:
   • Typically, you need a four-year bachelor's degree.
   • While a science or health-related degree is preferred, degrees from other fields may also be accepted.
   • You must complete prerequisite courses such as biology, chemistry, anatomy, physiology, physics, and sometimes biochemistry and microbiology, depending on the perfusion program.
2. Complete a Perfusion Training Program:
   • Enroll in an accredited perfusion program, which can be a master's degree or a certificate program.
   • These programs usually last about 1–2 years.
   • Training covers anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, clinical perfusion technology, and hands-on experience operating heart-lung machines during surgery.
   • You must complete a minimum number of cases as the primary perfusionist during your training.
3. Obtain Certification:
   • After training, pass the certification exam administered by the American Board of Cardiovascular Perfusion (ABCP).
   • Certification requires ongoing professional development and recertification exams.
   • Some states may also require a state license.
4. Gain Relevant Experience and Skills:
   • Perfusionists work in high-stress environments like operating rooms and require attention to detail, mental and physical endurance, and strong communication skills.
   • Shadowing or assisting in perfusion before applying to programs can improve admission prospects.
5. Stay Updated:
   • Perfusionists must keep up with technological advancements and continue professional education throughout their career.

In summary:

• 4-year bachelor’s degree with prerequisites.
• 1-2 years of perfusion specialized training.
• ABCP certification and possibly state licensure.
• Strong practical, technical, and interpersonal skills are essential.

This pathway is detailed in sources from healthcare career profiles, perfusion school information, and professional guidelines.