To become an airline pilot, you generally follow these key steps:
Step-by-Step Process to Become an Airline Pilot
- Earn a Private Pilot Certificate (PPL)
This is the foundational license allowing you to fly single-engine airplanes. It covers basic flight skills and knowledge and is issued by aviation authorities such as the FAA in the US or EASA in Europe
- Add an Instrument Rating
This rating allows you to fly under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), which means you can operate aircraft safely in various weather conditions using cockpit instruments
- Earn a Commercial Pilot Certificate (CPL)
This certificate permits you to be paid for flying. It requires meeting specific flight experience and skill standards
- Obtain a Multi-Engine Rating
To fly larger passenger aircraft, you need this rating, which qualifies you to operate multi-engine airplanes
- Earn a Flight Instructor Certificate (Optional but Recommended)
Many pilots become certified flight instructors (CFI) to build flight hours and earn income while gaining experience needed by airlines
- Build Flight Hours
Airlines typically require a minimum number of flight hours (often around 1,500 hours) before hiring. This can be done through instructing, charter flying, or other commercial flying jobs
- Earn an Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL)
The ATPL is the highest level of pilot certification and is required to act as captain on commercial airliners. It requires passing rigorous theoretical exams and meeting flight hour requirements
Educational and Medical Requirements
- Education:
While a degree is not always mandatory, many airlines prefer candidates with a bachelor's degree, often in aviation or a related field. Some universities offer integrated pilot training programs that include commercial pilot training and lead to a "frozen" ATPL, allowing you to start as a co-pilot
- Medical Certificates:
You must obtain a Class 1 medical certificate (or equivalent) to qualify for commercial flying, which involves meeting strict health and fitness standards
Training Routes
- Flight Schools:
Training can be done at FAA-approved flight schools or EASA-approved academies, which offer structured programs from zero experience to commercial pilot
- University Programs:
Some universities combine academic degrees with pilot training, providing a comprehensive pathway
- Military Training:
Some pilots start their careers in the military, gaining valuable flying experience before transitioning to commercial airlines
- Airline Cadet Programs:
Some airlines offer cadet schemes that train and then employ pilots directly
Summary
Becoming an airline pilot involves obtaining multiple licenses and ratings, accumulating flight hours, passing medical exams, and often completing formal education or training programs. The process typically takes several years and requires a significant financial and time investment but leads to a rewarding career flying commercial aircraft
