To clean a couch effectively, follow these general steps:

1. Vacuum the Couch: Use an upholstery attachment to remove loose dirt, dust, pet hair, and debris from all surfaces including cushions, seams, and under removable cushions.
2. Identify Fabric Type and Cleaning Code: Check the manufacturer’s tag for cleaning codes such as W (water-based cleaner safe), S (solvent-based only), WS (both safe), or X (vacuum only). This will guide the type of cleaning solutions to use.
3. Spot Clean Stains: For water-safe fabrics (W or WS), use a mild mixture like ¼ teaspoon mild dish soap with one cup warm water. Apply cleaner with a cloth, blotting stains carefully from the outside inward. For solvent-safe fabrics (S), use a solvent-based cleaner as instructed by the product.
4. Deep Clean (if needed): Use a handheld steamer or a fabric/upholstery cleaner device for thorough cleaning. Extraction cleaners with water and cleaning solution can remove embedded dirt.
5. Dry the Couch: Allow the fabric to dry completely before use to prevent mildew.
6. For Leather Couches: Wipe with a microfiber cloth, use a leather cleaner one small area at a time with a damp cloth, then rinse and buff dry. Apply a leather protectant to condition.

Additional handy tips:

• Test any cleaner on a hidden spot first to check for colorfastness.
• For regular freshening, vacuum frequently and wipe down the surface.
• Use fabric sanitizing sprays if desired to kill bacteria and odors.

This method works for most fabric and leather couches with adaptations based on fabric type and manufacturer guidelines.