To perform CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) on an adult, follow these key steps:
Preparation
- Ensure the scene is safe.
- Check the person for responsiveness by tapping and shouting.
- Call 911 or ask someone else to call emergency services.
- Lay the person flat on their back on a firm surface.
Chest Compressions (Hands-Only CPR)
- Kneel beside the person.
- Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest (on the breastbone).
- Put your other hand on top and interlock your fingers.
- Position your shoulders directly over your hands, keep your elbows straight.
- Use your body weight to compress the chest at least 2 inches (5 cm) deep but no more than 2.4 inches (6 cm).
- Compress at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute (about 2 compressions per second).
- Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.
- Continue compressions until emergency help arrives or the person shows signs of life
Rescue Breaths (if trained and comfortable)
- After 30 compressions, open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift method.
- Pinch the person's nose shut.
- Cover their mouth with yours to create a seal.
- Give 2 breaths, each lasting about 1 second, watching for chest rise.
- If the chest does not rise, reposition the head and try again.
- Resume chest compressions immediately after the breaths.
- Continue the cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until help arrives or the person recovers
Notes
- If you are untrained or unsure, performing continuous chest compressions (hands-only CPR) is still highly effective and better than doing nothing.
- For children and infants, the technique and depth of compressions differ slightly, and rescue breaths are important
This sequence helps maintain blood circulation and oxygenation until professional medical care is available.
