To plant zinnia seeds successfully, follow these steps:

• Timing: Plant zinnia seeds outdoors only after the last frost has passed and when soil temperatures are warm, ideally around 70°F (21°C). This is usually late spring to early summer depending on your region

• Site Selection: Choose a sunny location that receives at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Zinnias prefer well-drained soil and a sheltered spot to thrive

• Soil Preparation: Clear the planting area of debris and loosen the soil. Mix in organic compost or well-rotted manure to improve fertility and drainage. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged

• Planting Depth and Spacing: Sow seeds about 1/4 inch (6 mm) deep in the soil. Space seeds 4 to 6 inches apart for smaller varieties, and up to 12 to 24 inches apart for larger varieties. Rows should be spaced about 12 inches apart to allow airflow

• Sowing Method: You can plant seeds directly in the garden by making small holes or scatter seeds evenly over the prepared soil and lightly rake them in. Some gardeners plant two seeds per hole to ensure germination and thin out weaker seedlings later

• Watering: After planting, water the soil gently but thoroughly to keep it consistently moist until seeds germinate. Zinnia seeds usually sprout within 5 to 10 days. Avoid overwatering to prevent rot

• Care After Germination: Once seedlings emerge, thin them if necessary to maintain proper spacing. Continue to water regularly, especially during dry periods, and provide good air circulation to prevent disease

• Optional Indoor Start: You can also start zinnia seeds indoors 4 to 6 weeks before the last frost date in seed trays or small pots at 20-25°C. Transplant seedlings outdoors after hardening off and when frost risk is over, spacing plants about 30-40 cm apart

Following these guidelines will help you grow vibrant zinnias that bloom beautifully from summer into fall, attracting pollinators like bees and butterflies