To help prevent miscarriage, although many miscarriages cannot be prevented due to causes beyond control (such as genetic abnormalities), there are several evidence-based steps you can take to lower the risk:
Lifestyle and Health Measures
- Achieve and maintain a healthy weight before pregnancy, as obesity increases miscarriage risk
- Avoid smoking, alcohol, and illicit drugs during pregnancy and when trying to conceive
- Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and take folic acid supplements (at least 400 mcg daily) starting at least 1-3 months before conception and continuing through pregnancy
- Exercise regularly and manage stress to support overall health
- Limit caffeine intake to no more than 200-300 mg per day during pregnancy
Infection and Environmental Precautions
- Take precautions to avoid infections, such as rubella and other illnesses, by practicing good hygiene and ensuring vaccinations are up to date
- Avoid exposure to harmful environmental toxins like radiation, arsenic, lead, and certain chemicals
- Practice safe sex to prevent sexually transmitted infections that could complicate pregnancy
Medical Management
- If you have known medical conditions (e.g., antiphospholipid syndrome, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure), work closely with your healthcare provider to manage these before and during pregnancy
- In cases of cervical incompetence, a surgical procedure (cervical cerclage) may be recommended to help prevent miscarriage
- Early and regular prenatal care is important to monitor pregnancy health and address any issues promptly
What Does Not Cause Miscarriage
- Miscarriage is not caused by stress, exercise, sexual intercourse, working, or traveling
While these steps can reduce risk, it is important to understand that many miscarriages occur due to factors outside of anyone's control and are not the result of anything done or not done by the pregnant person
. If you have experienced a miscarriage, discussing with your healthcare provider can help identify any treatable causes and guide you in preparing for a healthy future pregnancy.
