To prevent tuberculosis (TB), several key measures can be taken: Avoid Exposure and Spread

• Avoid close contact with people who have active TB disease, especially those with lung or throat TB who can spread germs through coughing or sneezing

• If you have active TB, stay home and avoid public places until your doctor confirms you are no longer infectious

• Cover your mouth with a tissue when coughing or sneezing and dispose of tissues properly

• Wash your hands regularly to reduce germ transmission

• Ensure good ventilation in living and work spaces by opening windows and using fans to circulate fresh air and reduce airborne TB bacteria

• Use protective masks in healthcare or high-risk settings to prevent inhaling TB bacteria

Medical Prevention and Treatment

• Take all prescribed TB medications exactly as directed to cure active TB and prevent drug-resistant strains

• Complete treatment for latent TB infection to stop it from progressing to active disease and becoming contagious

• Attend all medical appointments for monitoring treatment effectiveness and infectiousness

• Close contacts of TB patients should be screened and, if necessary, receive preventive treatment to stop TB development

Vaccination

• The BCG vaccine is used in many countries to protect infants and children against TB, especially severe forms. It is about 80% effective for 15 years but less effective in adults and certain regions

• Vaccination policies vary by country; some healthcare workers in high-risk environments may also receive BCG

Healthy Lifestyle

• Maintain a strong immune system through adequate rest, balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol use to reduce susceptibility to TB infection

In summary, TB prevention relies on early diagnosis and treatment, avoiding close contact with infectious individuals, ensuring good ventilation and hygiene, completing prescribed treatments, vaccination where applicable, and maintaining overall health