To reduce image size, there are several effective methods:

1. Compress the Image: Use compression tools to reduce file size by optimizing data storage. Online tools like ShortPixel or TinyPNG can compress images automatically with minimal quality loss.
2. Resize the Image: Many images are larger than needed in terms of dimensions. Reducing width and height to the actual required display size lowers file size significantly without much visible quality loss.
3. Change the File Format: Choose an appropriate format:
   • JPEG for photos (good compression without much quality loss),
   • PNG for images needing transparency,
   • WebP or AVIF for modern, efficient compression on the web.
4. Remove Unnecessary Metadata: Strip embedded metadata (camera info, GPS data) using tools like ExifTool or built-in options in some compressors, which reduces size without affecting image quality.
5. Use Image Optimization Tools: Online services like ShortPixel, TinyPNG, Squoosh, or software like Photoshop (using "Save for Web"), ImageOptim (Mac), and ResizePixel can help reduce size while managing quality.

These methods apply whether optimizing images for websites, email, storage, or other purposes, ensuring a balance of smaller file size and acceptable image quality.