To tell if a wall is load-bearing, consider the following key indicators:

• Check the wall’s orientation to floor joists: If the wall runs perpendicular (at a 90-degree angle) to the floor joists above, it is likely load-bearing. Walls parallel to joists are usually not load-bearing, though exceptions exist if the wall supports blocking or a single joist directly

• Look at the wall’s position in the house: Walls that run continuously from one end of the house to the other (front to rear or side to side) are often load-bearing. Also, exterior walls are almost always load-bearing since they support the structure and roof

• Check for walls directly above or below: If there is a wall on the floor above that aligns with the wall in question, or if there is a foundation, beam, or support directly beneath it (such as in a basement or crawl space), this strongly suggests the wall is load-bearing

• Inspect the ceiling or attic: In the attic, look for vertical beams or supports directly above the wall. If the wall supports a beam or joists, it is probably load-bearing

• Look for structural materials: Walls lined with oriented strand board (OSB) or containing steel, concrete, or brick are more likely to be load-bearing. Also, if a partial wall has a beam running alongside it, it may be load-bearing

• Blueprints and architectural plans: The most reliable way is to consult your home’s blueprints or structural plans, which often mark load-bearing walls with symbols like “S” for structural

• Visual signs inside the wall: Removing plasterboard and insulation can reveal whether the top of the studwork contacts a joist or beam above. If it does not, the wall is likely non-load-bearing. However, this should be done carefully and preferably by a professional

Because mistakes can compromise your home's safety, if you are uncertain, it is best to consult a structural engineer or qualified contractor before removing or altering any wall