To train a dog effectively, use positive reinforcement by rewarding good behavior rather than punishing bad behavior. Keep training sessions short (around 5-10 minutes) and frequent throughout the day, use clear commands combined with hand signals, and be consistent with your cues. Begin training early, ideally when the dog is a puppy, and practice commands like sit, stay, come, lie down, and loose-leash walking in different environments with varying distractions. Always end sessions on a positive note and celebrate small achievements to keep the dog motivated. Avoid using punishment or excessive "no" commands as they may confuse the dog, and ensure to integrate training into daily activities for continuous learning. Key points include:

• Use positive reinforcement (treats, praise, toys) for good behavior.
• Short, regular training sessions are more effective.
• Start with basic commands and build up complexity gradually.
• Generalize commands by practicing in different places and with distractions.
• Avoid rewarding unwanted behavior by ignoring it until the dog settles.
• Use a release word to signal the end of a command like "stay."
• Be patient, consistent, and celebrate small progress.
• Use hand signals along with verbal commands.

These methods help create a strong understanding and positive relationship between the dog and the trainer for long-term successful training.