Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is typically treated with a course of antibiotics, which may be oral tablets or vaginal gels or creams. Common antibiotics used include metronidazole (oral or vaginal gel), clindamycin (vaginal cream or oral), tinidazole (oral), and secnidazole (single-dose oral). The typical treatment duration is 5 to 7 days, and it is important to complete the full course even if symptoms improve to prevent recurrence. During treatment, it is advised to avoid sexual intercourse and alcohol if using metronidazole or similar drugs. BV frequently recurs, and in recurrent cases, longer-term or repeated antibiotic treatment may be necessary. Partners typically do not need treatment unless they are female, as BV can spread between female partners.

Common Treatments for BV

• Metronidazole: oral tablets or vaginal gel
• Clindamycin: vaginal cream or oral tablets/suppositories
• Tinidazole: oral tablets
• Secnidazole: single-dose oral granules

Treatment Guidelines

• Finish the entire course of antibiotics
• Avoid alcohol with metronidazole, tinidazole, and secnidazole during and for a few days after treatment
• Avoid sexual activity during treatment and until symptoms resolve
• Partners with a vagina may need evaluation and treatment
• Recurrence is common; consult a healthcare provider if BV returns often

Additional Notes

• No over-the-counter products are effective for BV
• Avoid douching and the use of perfumed feminine products to prevent irritation
• If recurrent, consult a healthcare provider for longer treatment options

This summary provides effective treatment approaches for BV and important considerations to reduce recurrence and complications.