To treat dandruff effectively, you can follow a stepwise approach starting with basic scalp care and progressing to medicated treatments if needed:

Basic Treatment

• Regular washing with a gentle shampoo helps reduce oil and skin cell buildup on the scalp, which is often sufficient for mild dandruff

• Shampooing 2 to 3 times a week with regular shampoo or more frequently depending on hair type can control mild dandruff

Medicated Shampoos

If regular shampooing is not enough, try medicated anti-dandruff shampoos containing active ingredients such as:

• Zinc pyrithione or zinc omadine
• Selenium sulphide
• Salicylic acid
• Coal tar
• Piroctone olamine (a newer, safer antifungal agent)

Use these shampoos 2–3 times per week or as directed. You may need to try different products or rotate between them to find what works best for you

Home Remedies and Natural Treatments

Some people find relief using natural remedies, although evidence varies:

• Tea tree oil (diluted) may have antifungal properties.
• Coconut oil can improve scalp hydration and reduce inflammation.
• Aloe vera may soothe and reduce fungal growth.
• Apple cider vinegar might help balance scalp pH but can irritate sensitive skin.
• Aspirin (crushed and added to shampoo) contains salicylic acid which helps exfoliate flakes.
• Baking soda can exfoliate the scalp but should be used sparingly due to its alkalinity.
• Lemon juice and olive oil are also used by some, but olive oil may worsen fungal growth

Additional Tips

• Manage stress, as it can worsen dandruff symptoms

• If dandruff is severe or does not improve with these measures, consult a healthcare provider who may prescribe topical corticosteroids or stronger treatments

This approach balances initial gentle care with progressively stronger treatments and natural options, allowing you to find an effective regimen tailored to your scalp condition