The treatment of GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, surgery.

Lifestyle Changes

• Reduce intra-abdominal pressure by avoiding tight clothing and heavy lifting.
• Avoid eating immediately before bedtime; eating smaller, more frequent meals is recommended.
• Elevate the head of the bed by 6-8 inches to help gravity keep stomach contents down.
• Avoid foods and beverages that decrease lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, such as caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, fatty foods, peppermint, citrus, and spicy foods.
• Maintain a healthy weight and avoid smoking.
• Avoid lying down for 2-3 hours after eating.

Medications

• Antacids (e.g., Tums, Rolaids) for quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid.
• H2 blockers (e.g., famotidine, cimetidine) to reduce acid production.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (e.g., omeprazole, lansoprazole) for stronger acid reduction and healing esophageal tissue.
• Prescription medications may be required if over-the-counter options are insufficient.
• New classes like potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) may be used for severe GERD.

Surgery and Procedures

• Fundoplication, where the top of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophageal sphincter to prevent reflux.
• LINX device implantation, a ring of magnetic beads that prevents reflux but allows food passage.
• Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF), a less invasive procedure tightening the LES.
• Weight-loss surgery may be recommended for obese patients with GERD.

Other Recommendations

• Diaphragmatic deep-breathing exercises after eating may help some individuals.
• Consult a healthcare provider for persistent symptoms or complications like esophagitis.

In summary, GERD treatment starts with lifestyle and dietary changes, progresses to medications if needed, and may involve surgical interventions for severe or unresponsive cases. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized treatment. All information is based on recent medical sources.