To treat hives effectively, the approach typically involves relieving itching, reducing swelling, and preventing new hives from forming. Here are the main treatments and home remedies recommended by medical experts:

Home and Lifestyle Remedies

• Avoid known triggers such as certain foods, medications, pollen, pet dander, latex, or insect stings.
• Apply cold compresses or ice cubes wrapped in a cloth to soothe itching and reduce swelling.
• Take cool showers or baths; adding baking soda or oatmeal powder to bathwater may help relieve itching temporarily.
• Wear loose, smooth-textured cotton clothing to avoid irritating the skin.
• Use over-the-counter anti-itch lotions or creams containing ingredients like pramoxine or menthol for temporary relief

Medications

• Antihistamines: Non-drowsy oral antihistamines such as loratadine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec), or desloratadine (Clarinex) are standard treatments to reduce itching and swelling. Some antihistamines may also help reduce the number and size of hives. Prescription antihistamines like hydroxyzine can be used if over-the-counter options are insufficient

• Oral corticosteroids: For severe or widespread hives, a short course of oral corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and swelling

• Immune system modulators: If antihistamines are ineffective, drugs like omalizumab can be used to calm the immune response and prevent hives, especially in chronic cases

• In emergency situations with severe swelling or difficulty breathing, epinephrine injections may be necessary

Additional Treatments

• Phototherapy (light therapy): May be used when antihistamines alone do not control chronic hives. It involves controlled exposure to light and is usually combined with antihistamines

• Desensitization: For hives caused by physical triggers (cold, heat, pressure), gradual exposure to the trigger may reduce sensitivity, though this requires consistent effort and is not always effective

When to See a Doctor

• If hives are severe, persistent (lasting more than six weeks), or accompanied by swelling of the throat or difficulty breathing, seek medical care promptly.
• A healthcare provider can help identify triggers, prescribe appropriate medications, and develop a tailored treatment plan

In summary, treating hives involves avoiding triggers, soothing the skin with cold and topical treatments, and using antihistamines or other medications as needed to control symptoms and prevent flare-ups. Severe or chronic cases may require specialized treatments under medical supervision.