To use VLOOKUP in Google Sheets, you follow this structure: =VLOOKUP(search_key, range, index, [is_sorted])

• search_key: The value to search for (lookup value).
• range: The table range (at least two columns), where the first column contains the search_key values.
• index: The column number in the range from which to retrieve the matching value (1 for the first column, 2 for the second, etc.).
• is_sorted: Optional, TRUE (default) or FALSE. FALSE means an exact match is required, and TRUE means the first column is sorted and allows approximate match.

For example, a common formula is: =VLOOKUP(A3, $F$3:$G$14, 2, FALSE) which looks for the value in cell A3 in the first column of the range F3:G14 and returns the corresponding value from the second column of that range, with exact matching. You can also use VLOOKUP between different sheets by specifying the sheet name before the range, like: =VLOOKUP(A2, Sheet4!$A$2:$B$13, 2, FALSE) Remember that the lookup column must always be the first column of the range, and you can lock the range with $ signs to keep it static when copying the formula down. VLOOKUP is case-insensitive and useful for pulling data quickly across large datasets or different sheets in the same spreadsheet file.