To wash a backpack, start by emptying it completely and checking the care label for washing instructions. For both machine washing (if allowed) and hand washing, removing any stains before washing is recommended. Hand washing generally involves using lukewarm water with a mild detergent, gently scrubbing the backpack inside and out with a soft brush or sponge, and thoroughly rinsing with cool water. The backpack should then be air dried with all compartments open in a well-ventilated area, avoiding direct sunlight. If machine washing, place the backpack inside a pillowcase or laundry bag to protect straps and zippers, and use a gentle cycle with cold water. Always avoid harsh detergents, bleach, and the dryer to prevent damage. Here is a step-by-step guide:

• Empty all pockets and compartments; remove any removable parts like straps or frames.
• Shake out dirt and vacuum crumbs.
• Spot-treat stains using a gentle stain remover.
• For hand washing, fill a tub or basin with lukewarm water and mild detergent. Submerge the backpack and softly scrub using a soft brush or sponge.
• Rinse thoroughly with cool water and gently squeeze out excess water (do not wring hard).
• For machine washing, place the backpack inside a pillowcase or mesh bag, wash on a gentle cycle with cold water and mild detergent, then remove promptly.
• Air dry completely in a shaded, well-ventilated area with all zippers and pockets open. Avoid direct sun and dryers.

This method works well for most backpacks unless the care label specifies otherwise. Avoid hot water or harsh chemicals to preserve fabric and coatings. Hand washing is safer for delicate backpacks or those with leather or embellishments.