If there is sufficient evidence to proceed after the inquiry phase in response to a research misconduct allegation, the next main phase is the investigation. The investigation is a more detailed and formal process aimed at thoroughly examining the evidence to determine whether research misconduct occurred. It involves interviewing the respondent, complainant, and other relevant witnesses, pursuing all significant leads, and assessing whether the misconduct was intentional, knowing, or reckless. The investigation must be completed within a specified timeframe (often around 120 days) and culminates in a formal report with findings

. In summary:

• Inquiry: Initial review to decide if evidence is sufficient to warrant further action.
• Investigation: Detailed fact-finding phase if the inquiry finds sufficient evidence to proceed

This sequence is standard in U.S. Public Health Service (PHS)-funded research misconduct procedures and similar institutional policies.